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Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering (PBB-TE) is an approved telecommunications networking standard, IEEE 802.1Qay-2009.[1] PBB-TE adapts Ethernet technology to carrier class transport networks. It is based on the layered VLAN tags and MAC-in-MAC encapsulation defined in IEEE 802.1ah (Provider Backbone Bridges (PBB)), but it differs from PBB in eliminating flooding, dynamically created forwarding tables, and spanning tree protocols. Compared to PBB and its predecessors, PBB-TE behaves more predictably and its behavior can be more easily controlled by the network operator, at the expense of requiring up-front connection configuration at each bridge along a forwarding path. PBB-TE Operations, Administration, and Management (OAM) is usually based on IEEE 802.1ag. It was initially based on Nortel's Provider Backbone Transport (PBT).
PBB-TE's connection-oriented features and behaviors, as well as its OAM approach, are inspired by SDH/SONET. PBB-TE can also provide path protection levels similar to the UPSR (Unidirectional Path Switched Ring) protection in SDH/SONET networks.
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Principle of operation[edit]
The IEEE 802.1Qay PBB-TE standard extends the functionality of IEEE 802.1ah Provider Backbone Bridges, adding a connection-oriented mode using point-to-point trunks that deliver resiliency and configurable performance levels.[2]
A service is identified by an I-SID (Backbone Service Instance Identifier) and each service is associated with a PBB-TE trunk. Each PBB-TE trunk is identified by a triplet of B-SA, B-DA and B-VID. The B-SA and B-DA identify the source and destination bridges, respectively, that are the endpoints of the trunk. The B-VID is a backbone VLAN identifier that is used to distinguish different trunks to the same destination. The management system configures the PBB-TE trunks on all the edge and core bridges by creating static forwarding database entries; the management system is responsible for ensuring that there are no forwarding loops.
The backbone edge bridges map frames to and from an I-SID and perform the MAC header encapsulation and decapsulation functions. The core bridges act as transit nodes. The packets are forwarded based on outer VLAN ID (B-VID) and Destination MAC address (B-DA).
Forwarding is based on the static forwarding database (FDB) entries; dynamic MAC learning is not used. Any incoming broadcast or multicast frames are either dropped or encapsulated as unicast within the trunk. All Destination Lookup Failure packets are dropped rather than flooded. By eliminating any broadcasting or flooding, and by using only the loop-free forwarding paths configured by management, there is no longer any need to use a spanning tree protocol.
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Path protection is provided by configuring one work and one protect B-VID for each backbone service instance. In case of work path failure (as indicated by loss of 802.1ag continuity check messages, CCMs) the source bridge swaps the B-VID value to redirect the traffic onto the preconfigured protection path within 50 ms.
PBB-TE equipment leverages economies of scale inherent in Ethernet, promising solutions that are 30% to 40% cheaper than T-MPLS networks with identical features and capabilities,[3] giving PBB-TE a better overall return on investment.[4]
Key features[edit]
- Traffic and resiliency
- Secure
- Service scalability
- Operational simplicity
- Ethernet tunneling with full MPLS interoperability
- Service and transport layer independence—the services inside the tunnel could be Ethernet, IP, MPLS pseudo-wires, or VPLS.
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History[edit]
Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering was originally developed in 2006 as a Nortel specific protocol named Provider Backbone Transport (PBT). The company championed the technology and brought it to the IEEE 802.1 committee where it was renamed to PBB-TE and a working group, P802.1Qay, was chartered on May 7, 2007.[5] 802.1Qay was in sponsor ballot from January 2009[6] to April 2009.[7] It was ratified by the IEEE Standards Association on June 18, 2009.[1] It was published in August 2009.[8]
See also[edit]
- IEEE 802.1ah-2008 Provider Backbone Bridges
References[edit]
- ^ ab'IEEE Ratifies Computer Society-Sponsored 802.1Qay'. June 23, 2009. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
- ^EANTC. 'Carrier Ethernet Services - The Future'(PDF). EANTC. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
- ^Cummings, Joanne. 'The T-MPLS vs. PBT debate'.
- ^'Traffic engineering for Ethernet: PBT vs. T-MPLS'. www.lightwaveonline.com.
- ^Gubbins, Ed (2008-06-11). 'Will PBT go away?'. Telephony Online. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
- ^'IEEE802.1Qay Project Status'(PDF).
- ^'IEEE-SA - News, Press Releases & Updates'. standards.ieee.org.
- ^'Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks Amendment 10: Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering'(PDF). IEEE Standard 802.1Qay-2009. August 2009. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
External links[edit]
- IEEE 802.1Qay project page -Retrieved 29 July 2011
Provider Backbone Bridges (PBB; known as 'mac-in-mac') is a set of architecture and protocols for routing over a provider's network allowing interconnection of multiple Provider Bridge Networks without losing each customer's individually defined VLANs. It was initially created by Nortel before being submitted to the IEEE 802.1 committee for standardization. The final standard was approved by the IEEE in June 2008 as IEEE 802.1ah-2008 and has been integrated into IEEE 802.1Q-2011.
History[edit]
The now ubiquitous Ethernet was initially defined as a Local Area Network (LAN) technology to interconnect the computers within a small organization in which these host computers were very close in proximity to each other. Over the years, Ethernet has become such a popular technology that it became the default Data Link Layer (OSI Layer 2) mechanism for data transport. This created a need for extending the Ethernet from a customer LAN bridging domain to service provider MAN, also known as the Provider bridging domain. For this, a 4 byte S-Tag or Service Tag, a type of Virtual LAN tag, was added to the header of the Ethernet frame in IEEE 802.1ad standard. In the service provider domain, switching was based on S-Tag and destination MAC address, and C-tag was used to create virtual LAN within the customer domain. This technology is also known as QinQ or Q-tunneling.
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QinQ does not offer true separation of customer and provider domains, but is merely a way to overcome the limitations on the VLAN identifier space. It can also help in separation of the customer and provider control domains when used with other features like control protocol tunneling or Per-VLAN Spanning Tree etc. There is still the problem of having too little control on the MAC addresses, since QinQ forwarding is still based on the customer destination addresses. Thus, better mechanisms are needed.
Description[edit]
The idea of PBB is to offer complete separation of customer and provider domains. For this purpose, a new Ethernet header has been defined. This header may take multiple different forms, but the main components of the header are:
- Backbone component, that has:
- Backbone destination address (B-DA) (six bytes)
- Backbone source address (B-SA) (six bytes)
- EtherType 0x88A8 (two bytes)
- B-TAG/B-VID (two bytes), this is the backbone VLAN indicator
- Service encapsulation, that has:
- EtherType 0x88E7 (two bytes)
- Flags that contain priority, Drop Eligible Indicator (DEI) and No Customer Address (NCA) indication (e.g. OAM frames).
- I-SID, the service identifier (three bytes)
- Original customer frame
- Customer destination address (six bytes)
- Customer source address (six bytes)
- EtherType 0x8100 (two bytes)
- Customer VLAN identifier (two bytes)
- EtherType (e.g. 0x0800)
- Customer payload
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PBB defines a 48 bit B-DA and 48 bit B-SA to indicate the backbone source and destination MAC addresses. It also defines a 12 bit B-VID (backbone VLAN ID) and 24 bit I-SID (Service Instance VLAN ID). The bridges in the PBB domain switch based on the B-VID and B-DA values, which contain 60 bits total. Bridges learn based on the B-SA and ingress port value and hence is completely unaware of the customer MAC addresses. I-SID allows distinguishing the services within a PBB domain.
PBB is the foundation for the IEEE 802.1Qay PBB-TE standard, which was standardized in 2009.[1]
PBB is sometimes referred to as Mac-in-Mac.
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See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks Amendment 10: Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering'(PDF). IEEE Standard 802.1Qay-2009.